Biochemical characteristics of transaldolase deficiency include the accumulation of seven carbon carbohydrates including sedoheptulose, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, and mannoheptulose as well as open-chain polyols that includes erythritol, arabitol, ribitol, and sedoheptitol
Additionally, its stress reducing properties, through stabilizing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and lowering cortisol levels, help reduce inflammation and tension that can exacerbate pain
In order to sustain protection against persistent oxidant injury, GSH levels must be maintained, and this is accomplished by glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), which catalyzes reduction of GSSG to GSH
Among them, the most typical is the chemokine Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), the increased expression of which causes recruitment of neutrophils, ATMs, T cells, and B cells, which increase expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eventually leading to the development of eWAT inflammation and obesity (132) ( Figure 3 )