TNF-, a pleiotropic cytokine, exists in two biologically active forms: transmembrane TNF- (TMTNF-) and secretory TNF- (STNF-)
Materials and methods Study population Peripheral venous blood was taken from healthy non-atopic volunteers (HVs) (n = 10, 6 male, 4 female, mean age 33 years, range 2157 years) and AD patients (n = 10, 5 male, 5 female, mean age 39 years, range 3066 years) recruited from the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School (Hannover, Germany)
Even stabilized, an oral peptide delivers a fraction of the dose to circulation
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