28,33 Although several studies in this review proposed simplified methods to estimate CADR, based on PM or airflow data collected using low-cost sensors, 13,17,24 these methods have not been validated, require some technical proficiency, and must be repeated to observe changes over time
This study addresses this gap by quantifying cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, and nickel levels in cigarettes and evaluating their cumulative toxicological impact, providing essential evidence to guide public health policies
The hit is way harsher than a cigarette
A study published in the American Heart Association journal Circulation 5 found no significant differences in heart attacks, heart failure, or strokes among dual-smokersthose using a combination of traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettescompared to those who smoked traditional cigarettes only