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Consumer psychology for food choices: a systematic review and research directions

E-cigarette liquids and aerosols contain numerous harmful chemical substances and potential carcinogens such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines, metals (nickel, tin, lead), volatile organic compounds, reactive carbonyls (acetaldehyde, formaldehyde), propylene glycol, glycerol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to nicotine and flavoring additives (3739)

Retrieved Jan 29, 2012

These residues can build up in the pipe bowl and stem, creating a layer of "ghosting." Ghosting is the term used when the flavors of previously smoked tobaccos linger in the pipe, affecting the taste of future smokes