While GHK-Cu is generally well-tolerated in topical research, certain contraindications or precautions should be considered, especially for systemic research or in specific populations: Systemic Research: For systemic applications, GHK-Cu is generally not recommended for subjects who are pregnant, breastfeeding, have active cancer, or suffer from Wilsons disease (a condition involving copper accumulation)
Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 52 , 55335538
11 In a 12-week clinical study, a novel, topical facial serum containing 3% TXA, 1% kojic acid, and 5% niacinamide was evaluated for its effectiveness in treating melasma, PIH, and hyperpigmentation in Brazilian female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV
Is depression associated with increased oxidative stress