In addition, sustained JNK activation was amplifies mitochondrial ROS and forms a self-sustaining activation loop (Win et al., 2016)

A low-fat diet may decrease the risk of arsenic-related kidney damage [141] Antioxidant-rich foods such as berries, citrus fruits, spinach, and nuts enhance cellular defense mechanisms and neutralize ROS [142] Adequate hydration supports arsenic excretion and kidney detoxification [143] Avoiding arsenic-contaminated foods, including rice and groundwater from endemic regions, is crucial for reducing dietary exposure Nutraceuticals and functional foods may offer protective benefits without adverse effects Regular physical activity improves metabolic efficiency and detoxification [144] Avoidance of tobacco and alcohol, both of which exacerbate renal impairment, is strongly advised Stress reduction techniques, such as yoga and meditation, contribute to overall kidney health by modulating chronic inflammation Routine medical checkups are crucial for the early detection of nephrotoxicity and for enabling timely intervention [145]

Methods Participants Patients aged 1855 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were referred to the study by community-based mental healthcare teams in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire, England (for inclusion and exclusion criteria, see SA1 (Supplement)
Lipolysis ramps up: Fat cells release triglycerides, which the liver processes