Similarly, if a patient has COPD caused by exposure to other environmental pollutants such as dust, chemicals or fumes, the appropriate external cause code should be reported
Big Tobacco refers to the largest and most prominent tobacco companies, including Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Imperial Brands, Japan Tobacco International, and China National Tobacco Corporation
Spain was worried about any English presence in the Americas, since Spain was, at the time, the dominant colonial power in the Western Hemisphere
Tobaccos historical migration from indigenous Latin America and its transformation from local medicinal plant to global substance of abuse ensued via its rapid popularization among Spaniards after the colonial arrival on the American continent: The plant was introduced to Europe in the late 15th century, where it was readily adopted, and an extensive chain of trade later stretching to Africa and Asia took its course (Oyuela-Caycedo and Kawa, 2015)
