Manfredi Rizzo is former Director, Clinical Medical & Regulatory Department, Novo Nordisk Europe East and South and has given lectures, received honoraria and research support, and participated in conferences, advisory boards and clinical trials sponsored by pharmaceutical industry including Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kowa, Eli Lilly, Meda, Mylan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi and Servier
What the research shows Several small-scale human studies show increases in blood and tissue glutathione following oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione, and recent research directly compared liposomal, micellar and standard glutathione (Prasad et al., 2026
However, solutions prepared with sterile water lack antimicrobial protection and must be used within 24 hours or stored as single-use aliquots
These therapies focus on the behavior of the patient and management of symptoms rather than on the supplementation or modification of neural pathways affected by PD
