Inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, resulting from lesions that destroy the gastric mucosa (which can be caused by ingestion of corrosives, extensive tumors, and conditions associated with gastric atrophy, such as multiple sclerosis, certain endocrine disorders, iron deficiency, and subtotal gastrectomy) Structural lesions leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency, including regional ileitis, ileal reactions, and malignancies Competition for vitamin B 12 by intestinal parasites or bacteria
[1,8] The vast majority of this research has been conducted in animal models
Vitamin B12 and insomnia have long been linked, however the research available remains inconclusive
All reconstitution and transfer processes should occur within a sterile environment, ideally under a laminar flow hood, to prevent contamination