And while hydrophilic (water-attracting) molecules can be kept inside the encapsulated core, hydrophobic (water-repelling) substances can dissolve into the phospholipid membrane itself - in this way, liposomes can transport both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules
Lactate activates the mitochondrial electron transport chain independently of its metabolism
What Happens When Recycling Slows Down In patients, the enzyme GR, which is responsible for recycling spent/oxidised glutathione back to fully loaded, slows down, which leads to the accumulation of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) and the depletion and inability to produce GSH
Briefly, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC, Avanti Polar Lipids, 850457), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PE, Avanti Polar Lipids, 850757), and liver L--phosphatidylinositol (Liver PI, Avanti Polar Lipids, 840042) in chloroform were mixed at a 5:2:1 (w/w) ratio for Figure 3d and Extended Data Figure 4l, or PC:PE were mixed at a 5:2 (w/w) ratio for Extended Data Figure 7f
